We borrowed liberal arts from French in the 14th century, and sometime after this liberal began to be used in conjunction with other words (such as education, profession, and pastime). The Romans had artes liberales (“liberal arts”) and artes serviles (“servile arts”) the former were geared toward freemen (consisting of such subjects as grammar, logic, and rhetoric), while the latter were more concerned with occupational skills. In Latin, liber functioned as an adjective, to describe a person who was “free, independent,” and contrasted with the word servus (“slavish, servile”). We still see a strong connection between our use of the word liberal and liber in the origins of liberal arts.
However, we did not simply take the word liber and make it into liberal our modern term for the inhabitants of the leftish side of the political spectrum comes more recently from the Latin liberalis, which means “of or constituting liberal arts, of freedom, of a freedman.” Liberal can be traced back to the Latin word liber (meaning “free”), which is also the root of liberty ("the quality or state of being free") and libertine ("one leading a dissolute life"). Landline and cellular telephone numbers are selected using random-digit-dial methods.'Liberal' shares a root with 'liberty' and can mean anything from "generous" to "loose" to "broad-minded." Politically, it means "“a person who believes that government should be active in supporting social and political change."
#Define liberas series#
Samples for Alaska, North Dakota, Vermont, Delaware, Wyoming, Rhode Island, Hawaii and South Dakota were supplemented with additional cases from 2018 Gallup Poll Social Series interviews.Īll reported margins of sampling error include computed design effects for weighting.Įach sample of national adults includes a minimum quota of 70% cellphone respondents and 30% landline respondents, with additional minimum quotas by time zone within region. The margin of sampling error for most states is ±4 percentage points at the 95% confidence level. Sample sizes for states ranged from 232 in Alaska to 8,116 in California. For results based on the total sample of national adults, the margin of sampling error is ☑ percentage point at the 95% confidence level. Poll with a random sample of 75,669 adults, aged 18 and older, living in all 50 U.S. Results for this Gallup poll are based on telephone interviews conducted in 2018 on the Gallup U.S. Data for AK, DE, HI, ND, RI, SD, VT and WY based on combined data from 2018 Gallup tracking and 2018 Gallup Poll Social Series surveys.Įditor's Note: The story has been updated to correct the sample size of national adults. Massachusetts was the first state Gallup measured with more liberal than conservative identifiers (in 2008) and has been the state most consistently leaning more liberal than conservative.īased on 2018 Gallup tracking. Massachusetts was the most liberal state in 2018, with 35% of its residents describing their political views as liberal and 21% as conservative. Twenty-nine percent of Mississippians said they are moderate, and 9% had no opinion. Mississippi ranked as the most conservative state in 2018, with 50% of residents identifying as conservative and 12% as liberal, for a gap of 38 points. Many of the changes are within the margin of error for the state's sample - states that barely tilted liberal in 2017 barely tilted conservative in 2018 - so it is unclear how meaningful these changes are. The number of states in which more residents identify as liberal than as conservative is down slightly from nine in 2017. "About average" states' residents prefer the conservative description by seven to 14 points, and those with gaps of zero to six points are considered "less conservative than average." States in which the conservative-liberal gap is 20 points or greater are considered "highly conservative." The "more conservative than average" states have gaps of between 15 and 19 points. These findings are based on aggregated data from Gallup's 2018 tracking poll in which respondents were asked to indicate whether they describe their political views as liberal, moderate or conservative. Nationally, the conservative advantage in ideological identification is nine percentage points, and reflects a narrowing of the conservative-liberal gap from 21 points in 2004.
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